Present Perfect

Form
have/has + past participle

We use the present perfect to refer an action happened at an unspecified time before now.



For example : yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,etc...



or with an unspecific time expressions.



For example : ever, never, once, many times, several times, before,etc...





Examples:



Has there ever been a war in the United States?
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.




How do you actually use the present perfect?


The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics.







Topic 1 - Experience







You can use the present perfect to describe an experience,The Present Perfect isn't used to describe a specific event.







example:





I have been to France.


(This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France,maybe you have been there once, or several times.)



I have been to France three times.


(You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence. )



I have never been to France.


(This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. )
I think I have seen that movie before.

topic 2- Change Over Time

Sometimes we use the past perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

Tropic 3- Accomplishments

We often use the past perfect to talk about accomplishments of the humanity .

Examples:

Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.

Tropic 4- An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.

Tropic 5- Multiple Actions at Different Times

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience.We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.

Credits:

http://esl.about.com/library/grammar/blpresperfect.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/pres_perf.htm

Simple Present.

We use Simple present to refer to an action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually doesn't do.

Examples:

The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Can also indicate the speaker when believes that a fact was true before, is true now or will be true in the future. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

Do pigs like milk?
California is in America.

New York is a small city

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future.

Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
When do we board the plane?

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now.

Examples:

He has his passport in his hand.
Do you have your passport with you?

I am here now.

The diference between present simple and present continous is that the present simple is used to talk about things that you do usually and the present continous is used to talk about things that happen in this moment

Credits:

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/psimple.php
http://www.languageguide.org/english/grammar/esp/part1/simple_present.jsp

Computers Vs. Books


There are many who believe that the traditional book is being phased out in favour of the computer.
the television was becoming the norm in homes, when appeared the new technologies people no longer read so much because they have another greater entertainment (the computer, the television set, etc...). It is paper which disappearing little by little.
In many ways, this is a good thing, because paper comes from trees and trees are becoming scarce and that be a wonderful advance for the environment.
The people think that is more funny play and talk with the computer than read because the people say that read is very boring.


Difrents Opinions:

The San Francisco Examiner has this article about the renovation of San Francisco libraries and decisions to have more floor space for computers and less for book stacks. It is wonderful to see people in the community pushing for room for more books! But as in any library everything is a balancing act, and I don't believe that any librarian is seeing this as a technology vs. books decision. As someone who has increased the number of computers without losing book space, I am grateful for not having to make this type of decision. Posted by Tasha Saecker

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Technologie that for only ten years ago seamed impossible is now an important part of the modern community. Comptuers are getting more and more advanced and it has now been built computers with 1000 gigabyte (one terabyte). And who nows, soon we proboly will build computers with tons of petabytes, exabytes, zettabytes and so on...An earlier problem with computers was their size and prize, they was to large and to expensive, but as time has gone they have shrinked both in size an prize. In the future we will proboly have computers with tons of terabytes, so small that you can put it in your pocket, which only cost you 5 dollars.Computers are not only more practical than books. Just think of all the trees that will be saved. In this debate I will debate for that computers are the future and that computers will be an important part of the in future community. Posted by Immortal Norway.



My personal opinion:

I think that the technology has come far in recent years ,the progress society is making, some of us can't help but wonder if newer is always better.
Mainly young people,let read because they prefer to spend his time in amusing itself of another way mainly in THE TECHNOLOGY, for that reason it has been let read.
before it was read more because the technology wasn't so outpost.

credits:
http://www.civitas.org.uk/blog/2006/05/books_vs_computers.html

http://www.articlesalley.com/article.detail.php/49751/178/Education/Culture_and_Society/32/Computers_vs_Books_in_Home_Schooling

My friends


I have many friends but my best friends are my class friends. I know them since I was three years old. We are seven girls: Carla, Elisa, Marga, Carla, Valeria, Ana and me.
They are very good friends, I enjoy a lot being with them.

I get very sad when I imagine that in two years we aren't going to be together any more. I have been with them all my life I we have been through many good and bad moments but we always support eachother. Although we live in different places we are always getting around. Even though we are seven I can only talk about some of them.

In school I have some other friends of different grades like susana, sofia and marina; three girls of ESO 3, they are very friendly. I laugh a lot with them because they are always making jokes. I like going with them because I have lots of fun and I also like to get around with other people.


Valeria: She is a very good friend of mine, she's always happy so I always feel good when you are with her. She's medium high and very thin. She has blonde straight hair and blue eyes. She's very funny and she has a very funny laugh so when she laughs everybody does. She's 13 years old as all of us. She was born in 1994. She lives in La Cañada. Her birthday is the 16th of june. I know her since I was three but I have only been a really good friend of her since only a few years because she had other friends in school. I love her.


Carla Dual: In the school we call her Duala.
She is a special person because she has a very strange character, because she changes humor very easily.
She is very funny and friendly with the people whom she likes to be.
she has 13 years old and her birthday is on the 16th of January.She was born in 1994 as all of us.
She lives in Paterna.She's small,she has wavy brown hair with blonde highlights and brown eyes.I enjoy a lot being with her.

Silvia: she is a shy person but I laugh a lot with her.
She is my best friend because we have been together all our lifes and we have a lot of things in common.We met Silvia in our school when we had three years old.She is medium high,
she has a curly brown hair and brown eyes.She has 13 years old,her brithday is on the 21st of March.She was born in 1994 as all of us .I love her.

Christmas

These Christmas I didn't travel ,I spend one week with my mother and one week with my father.
In Christmas Eve I dinner with my father's family in my grandparent's house.
In Christmas I went with my motehr's family and we lunch in my mother's village,Corbera.
The next day are "Papá Noel" and we get up in my father's house to open the gifts and after my sister and my went with my mother's house to open the gifts .
And after the day of The Magic Kings I get up in my father's house and I open the gifts,after I went to my family's house: my grandparent's house,my aunt and oncle's house and etc..





New Year Eve


This year I celebrate New year with the friends of my mother,the Valverde's family. We went to infantile park of traficl in Santo Espiritu,where we make a party. we made many things: we mounted in motorbike, we played the one, we laughed very many, we choked ourselves with the grapes, we had dinner and many things more.