Form
have/has + past participle
For example : yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,etc...
or with an unspecific time expressions.
For example : ever, never, once, many times, several times, before,etc...
Examples:
Has there ever been a war in the United States?
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
How do you actually use the present perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics.
Topic 1 - Experience
You can use the present perfect to describe an experience,The Present Perfect isn't used to describe a specific event.
example:
I have been to France.
(This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France,maybe you have been there once, or several times.)
I have been to France three times.
(You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence. )
I have never been to France.
(This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. )
I think I have seen that movie before.
topic 2- Change Over Time
Sometimes we use the past perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
Tropic 3- Accomplishments
We often use the past perfect to talk about accomplishments of the humanity .
Examples:
Our son has learned how to read.
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.
Tropic 4- An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.
Tropic 5- Multiple Actions at Different Times
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience.We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.
Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
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